Qualitative multi-centered study: Trustworthiness of the three-level model (3-LM) Part 1.

The 3-Level Model (3-LM) is proposed as a guide or heuristic for observing and describing patient change. Used since 2011 in the context of the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA), its trustworthiness as a model still needs to be studied. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: This study aimed to assess the trustworthiness of the 3-LM by comparing the output of three groups of IPA-certified analysts (Europe, North America and South America). The comparison was made using process and outcome measures as analytical tools. This objective was divided into specific objectives presented in two articles. Each group belonged to a different geographical region of the IPA. They all worked on the same clinical case and their output was analysed using the same structured qualitative methodology. To analyse levels 1 and 3 of the model, the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method was used. For level 2, the Operationalised Psychodynamic Diagnosis (OPD-2) was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: There was a predominance of convergence between each of the groups for each of the levels analysed, with some points of divergence. The implications of these results for the trustworthiness of the model, clinical practice, training and research in psychoanalysis are discussed.

Psicanálise e educação: da educação impossível ao melhor caminho possível / Psicoanálisis y educación: de la educación imposible al mejor camino posible / Psychoanalysis and Education: from the impossible education to the best path possible / Psychanalyse et éducation: de l'impossible éducation au meilleur chemin possible

Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica se inscreve no campo Psicanálise e Educação e visa a analisar o impossível da educação - como concebido por Freud - em sua interface com uma melhor educação possível em Winnicott. O estudo, que teve como base principalmente os referidos psicanalistas, apresenta o educador implicado subjetivamente como fundamental para o desenvolvimento do educando na medida em que possibilita a quem se encontra em formação, que se identifique com a sociedade sem demasiado sacrifício da espontaneidade pessoal. Conclui-se que a importância da tarefa docente está muito além da aplicação de técnicas ou modelos didáticos, uma vez que a docência pressupõe a sujeição à experiência da formação humana, em nível inconsciente, sujeição que possibilita que uma educação suficientemente boa emerja a partir do real da educação

Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica se inscribe en el campo Psicoanálisis y Educación y analiza lo imposible de la educación - concebido por Freud - en su interface con una mejor educación posible en Winnicott. El estúdio que fue basado en los referidos psicoanalistas, presenta el educador implicado de modo subjetivo como fundamental para el desarrollo del educando al posibilitar, a quien se forma, que se identifique con la sociedad sin demasiado sacrificio de su espontaneidad. Se concluye que la importancia del hacer docente va mucho más allá de la aplicación de técnicas o modelos didácticos, ya que la docencia supone sujeción a la experiencia de la formación humana, a nivel inconsciente, sujeción que hace posible que de ella surja una educación suficientemente buena, desde lo real de la educación

This article of bibliography revision is inserted in the Psychoanalysis and Education area and its scope is analyze the impossible of the education ­ as described by Freud ­ and its interface with a best possible education in Winnicott. This study, based mainly by referred psychoanalysts, presents the subjectively involved teacher as major factor to contribute to the development of the student when enables who is in formation to identify with the society without major compromise in own personal spontaneity. Concludes that the value within teaching is far from applying technics and didactic models, once teaching requires being submitted to the experience in the human development, in which in an unconscious level, this submission makes possible to a good enough education to emerge from the real of the education

Cet article de revue bibliographique s'inscrit dans le champ Psychanalyse et Éducation et vise à analyser l'impossible de l'éducation - telle que conçue par Freud - dans son interface avec une meilleure éducation possible chez Winnicott. L'étude, qui s'appuie sur les psychanalystes précités, présente l'éducateur subjectivement impliqué comme fondamental pour le développement de l'apprenant dans la mesure où il permet aux personnes en formation de s'identifier à la société sans trop sacrifier sa spontanéité. Il est conclu que l'importance de la tâche d'enseignement va bien au-delà de l'application de techniques ou de modèles didactiques, puisque l'enseignement présuppose une sujétion à l'expérience de la formation humaine, à un niveau inconscient, sujétion qui permet à une éducation suffisamment bonne émerger du réel de l'éducation

The 'community turn': Relational citizenship in the Psychoanalytic Community Collaboratory®.

Drawn from five years of experience in the web-based Psychoanalytic Community Collaboratory, this paper explores implications of the 'community turn' in psychoanalysis for roles, methods, clinical theory, and training. With participants from many parts of the world, the Collaboratory has become a creative generator of projects including documentary films, community memorial initiatives, and mental health interventions in highly stressed communities. The Collaboratory's unique pedagogy offers valuable experiential learning about the complex intersubjective dynamics common to group and community life. Through reflection on the interpersonal dynamics of three critical incidents, we illustrate the interplay of intra-psychic and political aspects of identity--what we have termed 'relational citizenship', an intersubjective self-state in which the individual and the sociopolitical are psychically linked and where the challenges of identifying with and belonging to one or more collectivities are recognized and negotiated.

A psicanálise, o pensamento científico e o real: uma nota propedêutica ao debate sobre a experiência educativa / El psicoanálisis, el pensamiento científico y lo real: una nota propedéutica al debate sobre la experiencia educativa / Psychoanalysis, scientific thought and the real: apropaedeutic note to the debate on the educational experience / La psychanalyse, la pensée scientifique et le réel: une note propédeutique au débat sur l'expérience éducative

O desdobramento dos estudos psicanalíticos em educação e formação é parasitado de tempos em tempos por consignas supostamente psicanalíticas. Nos dias de hoje constata-se a proliferação de referências ao termo real bastantes imprecisas com relação ao uso que Lacan fez do mesmo. O artigo visa esclarecer de forma propedêutica o uso do termo real no pensamento lacaniano no contexto preciso de uma operação singular de subversão do pensamento metafísico. O autor sustenta que o real lacaniano se inscreve no "retorno a Freud" de forma tal que ele constitui tanto a precipitação de uma diferença quanto o estabelecimento de uma continuidade com o pensamento freudiano. O texto objetiva assim o desafio de fazer avançar os estudos no campo, em particular a pergunta do que se transmite na experiência educativa, sobre outras bases que não sejam a repetição ecolálica de certas ideias pouco claras e precisas dos clássicos do pensamento psicanalítico

El desarrollo de los estudios psicoanalíticos en educación y formación es parasitado de vez en cuando por consignas supuestamente psicoanalíticas. En la actualidad proliferan las referencias al término real, bastante imprecisas en relación con el uso que hace Lacan del mismo. El artículo pretende propedéuticamente esclarecer el uso del término real en el pensamiento lacaniano en el contexto preciso de una singular operación de subversión del pensamiento metafísico. El autor sostiene que el real lacaniano se inscribe en el "retorno a Freud" de tal manera que constituye tanto la precipitación de una diferencia como el establecimiento de una continuidad con el pensamiento freudiano. El texto apunta así al desafío de hacer avanzar los estudios en el campo, en particular la cuestión de lo que se transmite en la experiencia educativa, sobre bases distintas a la repetición ecolálica de ciertas ideas poco claras y precisas de los clásicos del pensamiento psicoanalítico

Psychoanalytic studies in education and training are taken from time to time by supposedly psychoanalytic statements. Nowadays, there is a proliferation of references to the term real, which are quite imprecise in relation to Lacan's use of it. The article aims to clarify in a propaedeutic way the use of the term real in Lacanian thought in the precise context of a singular operation of subversion of metaphysical thought. The author argues that the Lacanian real is inscribed in the "return to Freud" in such a way that it constitutes both the precipitation of a difference and the affirmation of a continuity with Freudian thought. The text thus aims to contribute to the advancement of studies in the field, in particular the question about what is transmitted in the educational experience, from other bases than the echolalia repetition of certain imprecise ideas of the classics of psychoanalytic thought

Le développement des études psychanalytiques en éducation et formation est parasité de temps à autre par des slogans supposément psychanalytiques. On assiste aujourd'hui à une prolifération de références au terme «réel¼, assez imprécises par rapport à l'usage qu'en fait Lacan. Cet article vise à éclairer de manière propédeutique l'usage du terme «réel¼ dans la pensée lacanienne dans le contexte précis d'une opération singulière de subversion de la pensée métaphysique. L'auteur soutient que le réel lacanien s'inscrit dans le «retour à Freud¼ de telle manière qu'il constitue à la fois la précipitation d'une différence et l'établissement d'une continuité avec la pensée freudienne. Le texte se donne ainsi pour objectif le défi de faire avancer les études, en particulier la question de ce qui se transmet dans l'expérience éducative, sur d'autres bases que la répétition écholalique de certaines idées floues et imprécises des classiques de la pensée psychanalytique

Transmitir e aprender: dilemas do educar contemporâneo / Transmitir y aprender: dilemas de la educación contemporánea / Transmitting and learning: dilemmas of contemporary education / Transmettre et apprendre: les dilemmes de l'éducation contemporaine

O presente artigo trata do discurso pedagógico contemporâneo apontando transformações nas noções de transmitir e aprender, as quais se deslocaram da dialética própria à relação educativa para uma dilemática que se caracteriza mais pela promoção de uma paralisia que pela fluidez do trabalho subjetivo de educar. O objetivo é demonstrar, a partir de uma peça do discurso pedagógico contemporâneo, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) brasileira, que tais transformações são efeito do discurso chamado por Lacan (1969) de capitalista, cujo funcionamento se pauta na não formação de laço e na justa adequação entre sujeito e objeto. Para essa demonstração, foram pinçados elementos que se articulam num deslize ao discurso do capitalista. Desse modo, concluiu-se que o discurso presente nesse texto acaba por promover a referida dilemática.

Este artículo aborda el discurso pedagógico contemporáneo que ha cambiado en las nociones de transmitir y aprender, que han pasado de la dialéctica de la relación educativa a un dilema que se caracteriza más por la promoción de la parálisis que por la fluidez del subjetivo labor de educar. El objetivo es demostrar, a partir de un fragmento del discurso pedagógico contemporáneo, la Base Curricular Común Nacional Brasileña (BNCC), que tales transformaciones son efecto del discurso llamado por Lacan (1969) como capitalista, cuyo funcionamiento se basa en la no formación de vínculo y en la justa adecuación entre sujeto y objeto. Para esta demostración se seleccionaron elementos que se articulan en un desliz al discurso capitalista. Así, se concluye que el discurso presente en este texto termina por promover el dilema mencionado

This article deals with the contemporary pedagogical discourse that has changed in the notions of transmitting and learning, which have shifted from the dialectic of the educational relationship to a dilemma that is characterized more by the promotion of paralysis than by the fluidity of the subjective work of educating. The goal is to demonstrate, from a piece of contemporary pedagogical discourse, the Brazilian National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), that such transforms are effect of the discourse called by Lacan (1969) as capitalist, whose functioning is based on the non-formation of bond and in the fair adequacy between subject and object. For this demonstration, elements that are articulated in a slip to the capitalist discourse were selected. Thus, it is concluded that the discourse present in this text ends up promoting the aforementioned dilemma

Le présent article traite du discours pédagogique contemporain, en pointant les transformations des notions de transmission et d'apprentissage, qui sont passées de la dialectique de la relation éducative à un dilemme qui se caractérise plus par la promotion de la paralysie que par la fluidité du subjectif travail d'éducation. L'objectif est de démontrer, à partir d'un discours pédagogique contemporain, le Base Curriculaire Nationale Commune brésilienne (BNCC), que de telles transformations sont un effet du discours qualifié par Lacan (1969) de capitaliste, dont le fonctionnement est fondé sur le non-formation d'un lien et dans la juste adéquation entre sujet et objet. Pour cette démonstration, des éléments qui s'articulent dans un glissement au discours capitaliste ont été sélectionnés. Ainsi, il a été conclu que le discours présent dans ce texte finit par promouvoir le dilemme susmentionné

Escrever-como-sonhar a prática profissional de um coordenador da ULIS: a repetição de uma realidade não sonhada / Escribir-como-soñar la práctica profesional de un coordinador ULIS: la repetición de una realidad no soñada / Writing-as-dreaming the professional practice of an ULIS coordinator: the repetition of an undreamt reality / Écrire-rêver le rapport à la pratique professionnelle d'un coordonnateur d'ULIS college: la répétition d'une réalitéinrêvée

Para minha pesquisa de doutorado, explorei a relação de certos coordenadores das ULIS Colégio (Unidades Localizadas para a Inclusão Escolar -em colégios) com suas próprias práticas profissionais na França. No âmbito do projeto nacional para uma escola inclusiva, os coordenadores das ULIS são professores especializados que oferecem um ensino adaptado a alunos reconhecidos como portadores de necessidades especiais. Eles também implementam o PPS (Projeto Personalizado de Escolarização), concebido para cada aluno, em estreita colaboração com os outros professores e atores médico-sociais. A partir de uma abordagem clínica de orientação psicanalítica em ciências da educação e da formação, quis explorar como os professores especializados que ocupam essa função complexa vivenciam seu quotidiano no plano psíquico. Nessa perspectiva, realizei entrevistas de pesquisa clínica com quatro profissionais. Aqui, exponho o dispositivo de análise das entrevistas implementado no a posteriori e o lugar particular da escrita como modalidade de elaboração psíquica. Inspirado no trabalho de T. Ogden (1994, 2005), o termo "escrever-como-sonhar" designa o devaneio [rêverie] subjacente ao processo de escrita nesse dispositivo, o que permite a representatividade do vínculo entrevistador-entrevistado em relação à prática profissional. Para ilustrar esse ponto, apresento a análise de uma única entrevista com um coordenador de uma ULIS. Mostro precisamente o caminho que me levou à hipótese da atualização de uma realidade "insonhável" (Ogden, 2005) na entrevista, em relação ao vínculo do coordenador com os demais professores do colégio

Para mi investigación de doctorado, exploré la relación de ciertos coordinadores universitarios de ULIS (unidad localizada para la educación inclusiva) con sus propias prácticas profesionales en Francia. Como parte del proyecto nacional por una escuela inclusiva, los coordinadores de ULIS son docentes que ofrecen enseñanza adaptada a alumnos con discapacidad reconocida. También implementan el PPS (proyecto de escolarización personalizada), diseñado para cada alumno, en estrecha colaboración con otros docentes y actores médico-sociales. Desde un enfoque clínico orientado psicoanalíticamente en ciencias de la educación, quise explorar cómo los profesores especializados que ocupan esta función experimentan su vida cotidiana en el nivel psíquico. En esta perspectiva, realicé entrevistas de investigación clínica con cuatro profesionales. Aquí expongo el dispositivo de análisis de las entrevistas y el lugar particular de la escritura como modalidad de elaboración psíquica. Inspirado en el trabajo de T. Ogden (1994, 2005), el término "escribir-como-soñar" designa la ensoñación que subyace al proceso de escritura, que permite la representabilidad del vínculo entrevistador-entrevistado en relación con la práctica profesional. Para ilustrar este punto, presento el análisis de una sola entrevista con un coordinador de ULIS. Precisamente muestro el camino que me llevó a la hipótesis de una realidad "no soñada" (Ogden, 2005) que puede afectar la colaboración del entrevistado con los demás profesores de su facultad

For my PhD research, I explored the relationship of certain ULIS college coordinators (localized unit for inclusive education) to their own professional practices in France. As part of the national project for an inclusive school, coordinators of ULIS are teachers who offer adapted teaching to pupils recognized as having disabilities. They also implement the PPS (personalized schooling project), designed for each pupil, in close collaboration with other teachers and medico-social actors. From a psychoanalytically oriented clinical approach in educational sciences, I wanted to explore how specialized teachers occupying this function experience their everyday life on the psychic level. In this perspective, I conducted clinical research interviews with four professionals. Here, I expose the device of interviews analysis and the particular place of writing as a modality of psychic elaboration. Inspired by the work of T. Ogden (1994, 2005), the term "writing-as-dreaming" designates the reverie underlying the process of writing, which allows representability of the interviewer-interviewee link in relation to the professional practice. To illustrate this point, I present the analysis of a single interview with a ULIS coordinator. I precisely show the path that led me to the hypothesis of an "undreamt" reality (Ogden, 2005) that may affect the interviewee's collaboration with the other teachers of his college

Pour ma recherche doctorale, j'ai exploré le rapport de certains coordonnateurs d'ULIS collège (Unité localisée pour l'inclusion scolaire) à leurs propres pratiques professionnelles en France. Dans le cadre du projet national pour une école inclusive, les coordonnateurs d'ULIS sont des enseignants spécialisésqui proposent un enseignement adapté auprès des élèves reconnus en situation de handicap et mettent en œuvre le PPS (Projet personnalisé de scolarisation), conçu pour chacun d'entre eux, en collaboration étroite avec les autres enseignants et acteurs du médico-social. À partir d'une approche clinique d'orientation psychanalytique en sciences de l'éducation et de la formation, j'ai souhaité explorer comment les enseignants spécialisés occupant cette fonction complexe vivaient leur métier sur le plan psychique. Dans cette perspective, j'ai mené des entretiens cliniques de recherche avec quatre professionnels. Ici, j'expose le dispositif d'analyse des entretiens mis en place dans l'après-coup et la place particulière de l'écriture comme une modalité d'élaboration psychique. Inspiré des travaux de T. Ogden (1994, 2005), le terme « écrire-rêver ¼ désigne la rêverie sous-tendant le processus de l'écriture dans ce dispositif, qui permet la représentabilité du lien interviewer-interviewé en rapport avec la pratique professionnelle. Pour illustrer ce propos, je présente l'analyse d'un seul entretien avec un coordonnateur, en restituant le chemin qui m'a amené à l'hypothèse de l'actualisation d'une réalité «inrêvée¼ (Ogden, 2005) dans l'entretien en rapport avec son lien aux autres enseignants du collège

Foucault: subjetividade e verdade à luz do cuidado de si / Foucault: subjetividad y verdad a la luz del cuidado de sí / Foucault: subjectivity and truth in the light of care of self

RESUMO. Buscamos, no presente artigo, situar o conjunto nocional da relação consigo (rapport à soi) na construção da categoria de subjetividade do pensamento tardio de Michel Foucault. Atrelamos a ele a questão da relação com o Outro e propomos a possibilidade de inscrever a psicanálise na história do cuidado de si. Nosso material primário é a transcrição das aulas ministradas pelo filósofo no começo de 1982 e o livro L'herméneutique du sujet (Foucault, 2001); e nosso suporte principal para análise são as conferências de 1980, L'origine de l'herméneutique de soi, e o livro Foucault, de Deleuze (2005). Como resultado, apresentamos a capacidade de afecção de si por si proporcionada pela relação consigo, demonstramos o modo como a posição do Outro influencia a produção da verdade do sujeito, e reforçamos a necessidade de se pensar práticas como a da psicanálise a partir do arranjo deixado pela história das técnicas de si.

RESUMEN. En el artículo, buscamos identificar el conjunto nocional de la relación con usted (rapport à soi) en la construcción de la categoría de subjetividad del pensamiento posterior de Michel Foucault. Le atribuimos la cuestión de la relación con el Otro y proponemos la posibilidad de inscribir el psicoanálisis en la historia del cuidado de sí. Nuestro material principal es la transcripción de las clases impartidas por el filósofo a principios del 1982, el libro L'herméneutique du sujet (Foucault, 2001) y nuestro principal apoyo para el análisis son las conferencias del 1980, L'origine de l'herméneutique de soi y el libro Foucault, de Deleuze (2005). Como resultado, presentamos la capacidad de autoafecto (de ti para ti) proporcionada por la relación con usted, demostramos lá manera en que la posición del Otro influye en la producción de la verdad del sujeto, y reforzamos la necesidad de pensar sobre las prácticas como de la psicoanálisis desde del arreglo dejado por la historia de las técnicas de sí.

ABSTRACT. In this article, we situate the notional set of the relation with oneself (rapport à soi) in the construction of the category of subjectivity in Michel Foucault's later thought. We show how that relation is attached to the relation with the Other, and we propose the possibility of inscribing psychoanalysis in the history of the care of the self. Our primary material is the transcription of the lectures the philosopher gave in early 1982, the book L'herméneutique du sujet (Foucault, 2001), and our main basis for analysis is the 1980 conferences, L'origine de l'herméneutique de soi, and the book Foucault, by Deleuze (2005). As a result, we present the capacity for self-affection afforded by the relation with oneself, we demonstrate the way in which the Other's position influences the production of the subject's truth, and we concur with the need to think about practices such as psychoanalysis from the perspective of the arrangement left by the history of techniques of the self.

O ensino da psicanálise na graduação em psicologia: cursos e percursos no estado do Acre / Psychoanalysis teaching in Psychology courses: routes and paths in the state of Acre / L'enseignement de la psychanalyse dans les cours de Psychologie: voies et chemins dans l'état d'Acre / La enseñanza del psicoanálisis en el grado en psicología: cursos y trayectorias en el estado de Acre

Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os conteúdos de psicanálise ensinados nos cursos de psicologia do Acre por meio das ementas das disciplinas e bibliografias correspondentes, registradas nos projetos pedagógicos curriculares dos quatro cursos existentes no estado. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa e fonte do tipo documental, que recorreu à análise de conteúdo para conduzir a interpretação dos dados. Os resultados indicaram ementas com ênfase no ensino freudiano e privilégio de publicações nacionais. Entre as lacunas identificadas, destaca-se a carência de conteúdos a respeito da pesquisa psicanalítica e da clínica para além do modelo clássico, o que convoca a implementação de mudanças que possam subsidiar as investigações e as práticas no contexto amazônico, além de fomentar o desenvolvimento desta abordagem tendo como horizonte o percurso formativo que a disciplina freudiana exige.

Abstract This paper analyzes the psychoanalysis subjects taught in psychology programs in the state of Acre by the syllabus and bibliographies of the corresponding disciplines, available on the curricular pedagogical projects of the four existing programs. A descriptive and qualitative study was conducted based on documentary sources investigated by content analysis. The results indicated syllabuses that emphasize Freudian teachings and a preference for national publications. Lack of classes on psychoanalytic research and clinic beyond the classic model stands out amidst the identified gaps, calling for changes that may subsidize investigations and practices in the Amazon context, fomenting the development of this approach aiming at the formative journey that the Freudian discipline requires.

Résumé Ce article analyse les contenus de psychanalyse enseignés dans les programmes de psychologie dans l'état d'Acre par les syllabus et les bibliographies des disciplines correspondantes, disponibles sur les projets pédagogiques curriculaires des quatre programmes existant. Une étude descriptive et qualitative a été menée sur la base de sources documentaires étudiée par analyse de contenu. Les résultats indiquent des syllabus qui mettent l'accent sur les enseignements freudiens et une préférence pour les publications nationales. L'absence de cours concernant la recherche et la clinique psychanalytiques au-delà du modèle classique ressort parmi les lacunes identifiées, appelant à des changements qui pourraient subventionner les investigations et les pratiques dans le contexte amazonien, favorisant le développement de cette approche visant le parcours formateur que la discipline freudienne exige.

Resumen El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar los contenidos de psicoanálisis impartidos en los cursos de psicología en el estado de Acre, a través de los roles de las disciplinas y bibliografías correspondientes, registrados en los proyectos pedagógicos curriculares de los cuatro cursos existentes en el estado. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, y con una fuente documental que utilizó el análisis de contenido para dirigir la interpretación de los datos. Los resultados indicaron roles con énfasis en la enseñanza freudiana y el privilegio de las publicaciones nacionales. Entre los vacíos identificados, se encuentra una falta de contenido en materia de investigación psicoanalítica y clínica más allá del modelo clásico, lo que requiere la implementación de cambios que puedan subvencionar las investigaciones y prácticas en el contexto amazónico, además de potenciar el desarrollo de este enfoque teniendo como horizonte el camino formativo que demanda la disciplina freudiana.

O que se transmite no processo de ensino educacional? Interlocuções entre a psicanálise e a educação no ensino superior / ¿Qué se transmite en el proceso de enseñanza pedagógica? Interlocuciones entre psicoanálisis y educación en la educación superior / What is transmitted in the educational teaching process? Interlocutions between psychoanalysis and education in university education / Qu'est-ce qui se transmet dans le processus d'enseignement pédagogique? Interlocutions entre la psychanalyse et l'éducation dans enseignement universitaire

Este estudo se insere em um grande eixo que busca descrever as condições subjetivas fundamentais para que haja qualquer educação. Por meio da psicanálise, tomou-se os conceitos de ensino e transmissão como operadores para compreender questões subjacentes aos processos de educar. Para tanto, realizou-se grupos focais com professores e alunos do ensino superior. Analisou-se os dados por meio da Análise de Similitude, possibilitada pelo IRaMuTeQ. Mostra-se que a transmissão, no contexto educacional, é marcada por encontros evanescentes e imprevisíveis entre alunos e professores, sujeitos em trânsito. Cabe a cada sujeito encontrar o modo mais singular de fazer algo com os saberes transmitidos, reescrevendo-os em letra própria e constituírem seu estilo

Este estudio es parte de un eje mayor que busca describir las condiciones subjetivas fundamentales para cualquier educación. A través del psicoanálisis, los conceptos de enseñanza y transmisión se tomaron como operadores para comprender las cuestiones subyacentes a los procesos de educar. Se realizaron grupos focales con docentes y estudiantes de educación superior. Los datos se analizaron mediante el análisis de similitud, hecho posible por IRaMuTeQ. Se muestra que la transmisión, en el contexto educativo, está marcada por encuentros evanescentes e impredecibles entre alumnos y docentes, sujetos en tránsito. Depende de cada sujeto encontrar la forma más singular de hacer algo con los conocimientos transmitidos, reescribiéndolo en su propia letra y constituyendo su estilo

This study is part of a major axis that seeks to describe the fundamental subjective conditions for any education. Through psychoanalysis, the concepts of teaching and transmission were taken as operators to understand issues underlying the processes of educating. Focus groups were held with higher education teachers and students. The data was analyzed using the Similitude Analysis, made possible by IRaMuTeQ. It is shown that transmission, in the educational context, is marked by evanescent and unpredictable encounters between students and teachers, subjects in transit. It is up to each subject to find the most unique way of doing something with the knowledge transmitted, rewriting them in their own letter and constituting their style

Cette étude s'inscrit dans un axe majeur qui cherche à décrire les conditions subjectives fondamentales de toute éducation. A travers la psychanalyse, les concepts d'enseignement et de transmission ont été pris comme opérateurs pour comprendre les enjeux sous-jacents aux processus éducatifs. Des groupes de discussion ont été organisés avec des enseignants et des étudiants de l'enseignement supérieur. Les données ont été analysées à l'aide de l'analyse de similitude, rendue possible par l'IRaMuTeQ. On montre que la transmission, dans le contexte éducatif, est marquée par des rencontres évanescentes et imprévisibles entre élèves et enseignants, sujets en transit. Il appartient à chaque sujet de trouver la manière la plus unique de faire quelque chose avec les connaissances transmises, de les réécrire dans sa propre lettre et de constituer son style

Psicanálise e cinema: aplicação da análise fílmica para a aprendizagem do conceito de inconsciente / Psychanalyse et cinéma: application de l'analyse filmique pour l'apprentissage du concept d'inconscient / Psicoanálisis y cine: aplicación del análisis cinematográfico para aprender el concepto de inconsciente / Psychoanalysis and cinema: application of film analysis for learning the concept of the unconscious

Resumo Partindo da constatação acadêmica da importância do ensino-transmissão da psicanálise na universidade, este artigo objetiva ser uma peça demonstrativa do quanto o aprendizado do conceito psicanalítico - inconsciente - pode ser facilitado por meio da linguagem cinematográfica. Para tanto, a investigação teórica e a análise fílmica psicanalítica foram escolhidas como métodos de pesquisa, estes balizados pela psicanálise aplicada. Utilizam-se filmes consagrados pela mídia, que vão desde Psicose, de Alfred Hitchcock, até Alice no país das maravilhas, de Tim Burton, a fim de dispor em movimento a conceituografia psicanalítica que organiza o conceito de inconsciente em Freud e Lacan. Observa-se, assim, que a novidade freudiana consistiu em desatrelar o inconsciente da consciência e elevá-lo ao estatuto de instância psíquica que se expressa por meio de sonhos, atos falhos, chistes e outros. A partir dessa concepção, posteriormente Lacan propõe o inconsciente estruturado como linguagem provendo o fio fundamental dos laços sociais.

Résumé Basé sur l'importance de l'enseignement-transmission de la psychanalyse à l'université, cet article s'avère être une démonstration de la manière dont l'apprentissage du concept psychanalytique - l'inconscient - peut être facilité par le langage cinématographique. Pour ce faire, la recherche théorique et l'analyse psychanalytiques de films ont été choisies comme méthodes de recherche, celles-ci fondées sur la psychanalyse appliquée. Nous utilisons des films consacrés par les médias: de Psychose d'Alfred Hitchcock, à Alice au pays des merveilles, de Tim Burton, afin de mettre en mouvement la conceptualisation psychanalytique qui organise le concept d'inconscient chez Freud et Lacan. On constate ainsi que la nouveauté freudienne a consisté à découpler l'inconscient de la conscience et à l'élever au rang d'instance psychique qui s'exprime à travers les rêves, les actes manqués, les mots d'esprit et autres. A partir de cette conception, Lacan propose plus tard l'inconscient structuré comme le langage fournissant le fil conducteur du lien social.

Resumen A partir de la observación académica de la importancia de la enseñanza-transmisión del psicoanálisis en la universidad, este artículo pretende ser una demostración de cuánto se puede facilitar el aprendizaje del concepto psicoanalítico inconsciente por medio del lenguaje cinematográfico. Para ello, se eligieron como métodos de investigación la investigación teórica y el análisis cinematográfico psicoanalítico, guiados por el psicoanálisis aplicado. Se utilizan películas consagradas por los medios de comunicación, como Psicosis, de Alfred Hitchcock, y Alicia en el país de las maravillas, de Tim Burton, para poner en discusión la conceptualización psicoanalítica que organiza el concepto de inconsciente en Freud y en Lacan. Se observa, por tanto, que la novedad freudiana consistió en desacoplar el inconsciente de la conciencia y elevarlo a la categoría de instancia psíquica que se expresa mediante sueños, actos fallidos, chistes y otros. A partir de esta concepción, Lacan propone posteriormente el inconsciente estructurado como un lenguaje que proporciona el hilo fundamental de los lazos sociales.

Abstract Based on the academic observation of the importance of teaching-transmitting psychoanalysis at the university, this article aims to show how much the learning of the psychoanalytic concept - unconscious - can be facilitated through the cinematographic language. For such purpose, theoretical research and psychoanalytic film analysis were chosen as research methods, these guided by applied psychoanalysis. Films consecrated by the media are used, ranging from Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho to Tim Burton's Alice in wonderland to set in motion the psychoanalytical conceptualization that organizes the concept of the unconscious in Freud and Lacan. It is observed, therefore, that the Freudian novelty consisted of uncoupling the unconscious from consciousness and elevating it to the status of a psychiatric instance that is expressed through dreams, flawed acts, jokes and others. From this conception, Lacan later proposes the unconscious structured as a language providing the fundamental thread of social ties.

Desamparo e ações específicas de cuidados com um adolescente na rede pública / La impotencia y las acciones específicas del cuidado com un adolescente en la red pública / Helplessness and specific care actions for an adolescent in the public system

RESUMO. Este trabalho apresenta dados preliminares de pesquisa pós-doutoral que investiga, a partir da psicanálise, a noção de 'desamparo' em jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade, na busca por 'ações específicas' de cuidado na prática institucional em dispositivos de políticas públicas. Partimos da interface entre psicanálise e direito, bem como da supervisão de caso sob ação da Justiça Restaurativa. Analisamos, pela metodologia do caso único, um caso de adolescente sob medida protetiva e socioeducativa, do qual são extraídas duas observações orientadoras: a dimensão da transmissão e filiação e do 'desamparo' e da 'ação específica' na adolescência. Como resultado, sistematizamos quatro lógicas de orientação para composição da 'ação específica': o sujeito e a dimensão simbólica, o sujeito e o circuito pulsional, a implicação e a retificação no campo do Outro, e as inflexões sobre a equipe. Concluímos que o desamparo é uma chave de leitura psicanalítica para a noção de vulnerabilidade e que a supervisão institucional favorece a construção melhor orientada para a ação específica de cuidados.

RESUMEN. El documento presenta datos preliminares de la investigación postdoctoral que investiga, desde el psicoanálisis, la noción de impotencia en los jóvenes vulnerables, en busca de coordinadas que establezcan acciones específicas de atención en la práctica clínica e institucional en dispositivos de políticas públicas. Partimos de la interfaz entre el Psicoanálisis y la ley, basada en la supervisión de casos bajo la acción de justicia restaurativa. El estudio de caso analizó un caso de adolescente bajo medidas protectoras y socioeducativas, de las cuales se toman tres observaciones para guiar la discusión: la dimensión de transmisión y afiliación; impotencia y acción específica ante la adolescencia. Como resultado de la supervisión institucional, hemos reunido cuatro planes de lectura guía para su composición: el sujeto y la dimensión simbólica, el sujeto y el circuito de conducción, la implicación y rectificación en el campo del Otro, y las inflexiones en el equipo. Concluimos que la impotencia es una lectura psicoanalítica clave para la noción de vulnerabilidad y que la supervisión institucional favorece una mejor construcción de la atención orientada a la acción.

ABSTRACT This paper presents preliminary data from a postdoctoral research that investigates, from psychoanalysis, the notion of helplessness in vulnerable young people, in the search for specific care actions in clinical and institutional practice in public policy devices. We start from the interface between Psychoanalysis and law, based on a case under supervision for restorative justice action. The study analyzed a case of an adolescent under protective and socio-educational measures, from which two observations are taken to guide the discussion: the dimension of transmission and affiliation, and the helplessness and specific action in the face of adolescence. As a result, we have gathered from institutional supervising four guiding plans for its lecture: the subject and the symbolic dimension, the subject and the drive circuit, the implication and rectification in the Other's field, and the inflections on the team. We conclude that helplessness is a psychoanalytic key for the notion of vulnerability and that institutional supervision favors the construction better oriented towards specific care actions.

The Organizational Structure of the American Psychoanalytic Association: The Politics of Exclusion.

This article traces the history of the American Psychoanalytic Association since its reorganization in 1945. This reorganization established the hegemony of the Board on Professional Standard and the secondary status of the larger membership. It considers the centrality of the requirement of certification for becoming a member, for running for office, and for voting on bylaw amendments, all of which have since been undone, and for training analyst appointments, which continues to this day. A context for this discussion is the decline of APsaA since the 1970s and its struggle to maintain its place in American psychoanalysis and in psychoanalytic education.

Professional and Personal Development After Psychoanalytic Training: Interviews with Early Career Analysts.

After analytic training, graduates position their newly acquired identity as "psychoanalyst" in the context of their broader career, contemplating whether to start new analytic cases, adapting their new knowledge base to psychotherapy practice, and deciding how to focus their professional and personal interests going forward. Using questionnaires and interviews, the Columbia Postgraduate Analytic Practice Study (CPAPS) has prospectively tracked the career trajectory of 69 of 76 graduates (91%) from the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research since 2003. In this paper grounded theory is used to identify developmental themes in interviews with analysts who have been followed for at least ten years. Recent graduates are negotiating the following challenges: developing a sense of competence, navigating relationships with colleagues and former supervisors as situations change and roles shift, transitioning into becoming mentors, and balancing the competing responsibilities of professional and personal life. Disillusionment about aspects of training, analytic practice, analysis as a treatment, institute politics, and the field in general emerges as a stark reality, despite a high level of career satisfaction. Educational recommendations include making career development opportunities available and providing a realistic view of both practice realities and expectations of analytic treatment outcome.

Combined Training of Candidates, Scholars, And Psychotherapists: A Model of Psychoanalytic Education for the Twenty-First Century.

A new model of psychoanalytic education is proposed that will meet the challenges of educating candidates in a new century. Prospective candidates have varying opinions about the value of analytic training, opinions that reflect economic and cultural conditions different from those facing previous generations. Overall, today's graduate-level students hold less favorable attitudes toward psychoanalysis than did their counterparts in the past. The proposed model calls for combining analytic candidates, psychotherapy students, and academic scholars for two years in a Psychoanalytic Studies Program (PSP), after which candidates take their subsequent years of training in a cohort made up exclusively of analytic candidates. A curriculum that focuses on the core concepts in psychoanalysis allows students in all three categories to learn the foundational knowledge of psychoanalysis that once was widely taught in graduate mental health programs. The philosophy that underlies the model and the structure and orientation of the course sequences are presented. Implementatiion of the model having shown positive results, its strengths and limitations are evaluated against the traditional model, in which candidates and psychotherapy students are educated separately.

Beyond Progression: Devising a New Training Model for Candidate Assessment, Advancement, and Advising at Columbia.

Research over several decades has identified significant problems with the progression model-the traditional approach to assessment and advancement of psychoanalytic candidates-including candidates' anxiety and uncertainty about the methods and fairness of their assessment, avoidance of conflictual issues with patients in order to keep cases, and reluctance to share their challenges with supervisors and advisors. In light of these findings, the Columbia Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research restructured its psychoanalytic training programs. The progression committee, the progression advisor role, candidate application to advance through the program, and routine committee discussion of candidates were eliminated and replaced by confidential mentorship and a clear and predictable system of trainee advancement. Analytic competency-a requirement for graduation-is now determined solely from detailed written feedback regarding the candidate's achievement of the Center's learning objectives. The number of months of supervised analysis required for graduation has been reduced, as has the required length of the candidate's longest case; in addition, three-times-weekly analyses are now accepted for credit. These changes are meant to increase the transparency, objectivity, and predictability of the training experience and reduce the pressure on clinical decision making and communication between trainees and faculty. An extensive evaluation of the impact of these innovations is currently under way.

Spatially Distant but Emotionally Close: A Personal Reflection on Psychoanalytic Distance Training.

Psychoanalytic training in countries with no accredited training program or official link to the international psychoanalytic community is possible only through technology. Serious controversies surround the legitimacy of distance training, based primarily on doubts about the efficacy of distance analysis. Curiously, in a discipline that prides itself on being a "talking cure," an emphasis on the embodied presence of the analytic couple emerges in the literature over and over again. In fact, though, it's through the use of language-and not through sight-that we achieve the aim of analysis. The information the analyst gathers from bodily presence is important, but even then the analyst's job is to hear the patient's unconscious communications. If an analyst, for whatever reason, is unable to hear the patient's voice and unconscious communications, the analysis is bound to fail whether the patient is in the room or on the screen/phone. Being spatially distant poses no contradictions to psychoanalysis, as long as both parties-patient and analyst, supervisee and supervisor, candidate and instructor-are willing to listen, hear, and be heard emotionally.

Psychoanalytic training in the Eitingon model and its controversies: A way forward.

Psychoanalytic training has been an object of controversy for many years. Arguments have been intense about the details, sometimes called "requirements", and particularly over whether or not training institutes should have routine external validation. We describe these arguments and present preliminary conclusions about the core challenges psychoanalytic trainings face using a unique set of detailed observations collected during structured "conversations" inside nine European institutes. We conclude that whether a psychoanalytic training is "working" is not a matter of compliance with requirements. Rather, it is an issue of how candidates, training analysts, supervisors and committee members, confront within and between each other the consequences of the unconscious dynamics that psychoanalytic training must inevitably create. Institutional psychoanalytic capacity is to take itself as the object. Consequentially, we propose that training committees that seek to claim that their psychoanalytic training is genuinely and safely producing psychoanalysts would be ones that institute routine procedures to show to themselves, transparently, how they attend to the dynamics just mentioned and how they take a neutral inquisitive stance towards them. Fear of oversight, we suggest, is a symptom of deeper anxieties. They can be faced by creating an appropriate setting. Properly conducted visits from outsiders are welcomed.

Emergency Remote Training in Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy: An Initial Assessment from Columbia.

The Covid-19 pandemic and the social distancing required to combat it have set in motion an experiment in psychoanalytic education of unprecedented scope. Following an abrupt shift from in-person study to remote classes, supervision, clinical work, and training analyses, the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research polled its psychotherapy and psychoanalysis trainees to assess their initial experience of remote training. Most candidates found the technical aspects of online learning easy and were satisfied with remote training overall. Across all programs, most trainees considered class length and reading load about right and felt their class participation was unaffected, though they found it harder to concentrate. Most found it no harder to start a training case, felt the shift to remote supervision had no negative effect, and were satisfied with seeing their training analyst remotely. Most trainees preferred in-person classes, clinical work, and training analyses to those offered remotely, yet in light of the health risks they said they were less likely to continue training in fall 2020 if in-person work resumed. Trainees suggested several modifications of teaching techniques to improve their participation and concentration in class. These findings' implications for the debate regarding remote training in psychoanalysis are explored.

[Adverse childhood experiences, attachment representations and mentalizing capacity of psychotherapists in training]. / Aversive Kindheitserfahrungen, Bindungsrepräsentationen und Mentalisierungsfähigkeit von Psychotherapeuten in Ausbildung.

Adverse childhood experiences, attachment representations and mentalizing capacity of psychotherapists in training Objectives: In this study we analyzed the relation between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), attachment representations and reflective functioning (RF) in psychotherapy trainees. Methods: 90 trainees in the beginning of their training of three psychotherapeutic approaches (CBT, psychodynamic and psychoanalytic) were assessed with the Adult-Attachment- Interview (AAI). AAIs were coded for attachment representation, ACE and RF. Experiences in psychotherapy as a patient before training were assessed by online inquiry. Data were analyzed via mediator- and moderator analysis. Results: Therapists in training show to be as burdened as the general population in terms of ACEs. Coding of the AAIs revealed a high percentage of secure attachment (85 %) and mentalizing capacities above the average (RF = 5.8). The relation between number of ACEs and RF was completely mediated by the degree of attachment security. The number of psychotherapy hours before training moderated the negative effect of the number of ACEs on RF. Conclusions: Results underline the importance of personal therapy during training and raise the question how reflective functioning can be fostered during training.

Um espaço para uma verdade da experiência de transmissão? / ¿Un espacio para una verdad de la experiencia de transmisión? / A space for a truth of the experience of transmission?

A escola de psicanálise: o lugar para a verdade da experiência da transmissão. Toda a dificuldade deste tipo de experiência reside na irredutível singularidade do ato que se opõe necessariamente à verdade geral, universal. Dizemos que a transmissão não pode ser entendida na escola de psicanálise senão ao modo de uma verdade no um a um. Isto é, se a dimensão do real se opõe à toda veleidade de universalização. Aliás, a noção mesma de escola em psicanálise coloca uma questão delicada. Com efeito, considerar uma escola seria ter resolvido antecipadamente um a priori de elementos constitutivos de uma transmissão que asseguraria a realização desta transmissão de modo universal para todos. Ora, a dimensão de perda e de incerteza daquilo que se transmite no um a um não permite postular a noção de escola senão no só-depois daquilo que se pôde ou não fazer transmissão para um sujeito dado. Pretendemos neste texto tentar articular essas dimensões de modo a interrogar os termos de escola e de transmissão face a um verdade que não pode ser postulada como toda.

La escuela de psicoanálisis: el lugar para la verdad de la experiencia de transmisión. Toda la dificultad de este tipo de experiencia reside en la irreductible singularidad del acto que se opone necesariamente a la verdad general, universal. Decimos que la transmisión no puede ser entendida en la escuela de psicoanálisis sino como una verdad en el uno a uno. O sea, si la dimensión de lo real se opone a toda veleidad de universalización. Es más, la noción misma de escuela de psicoanálisis plantea una cuestión delicada. En efecto, considerar una escuela significaría haber resuelto anticipadamente un a priori de elementos constitutivos de una transmisión que aseguraría la realización de dicha transmisión de manera universal para todos. Pues bien, la dimensión de pérdida y de incertidumbre de aquello que se transmite en el uno a uno no permite postular la noción de escuela sino en el sólo-después de aquello que se pudo o no convertir en transmisión para un sujeto dado. En este texto intentaremos articular esas dimensiones para interrogar los términos escuela y transmisión en relación a una verdad que no puede ser postulada como toda.

The school of psychoanalysis: the place for the truth of the experience of transmission. All the difficulty of this kind of experience lies in the irreducible uniqueness of the act which necessarily opposes the general, universal truth. We say that the transmission cannot be understood in the school of psychoanalysis other than in the mode of a truth one by one. That is, if the dimension of the real opposes all fancy of universalization. In fact, the very notion of school in psychoanalysis poses a delicate question. Indeed, to consider a school would be to have resolved in advance an a priori of the constituent elements of a transmission which would ensure that this transmission was universally achieved for all. Now, the dimension of loss and uncertainty of what is transmitted in one by one does not allow us to postulate the notion of school other than only-after of what could or could not be transmitted to a given subject. We intend in this text to try to articulate these dimensions in order to question the terms of school and transmission facing a truth that cannot be postulated as a whole.